The Tigris–Euphrates River System

Over the millennia, both rivers’ courses have changed due to natural events and the activities of humanity exploiting them for drinking water, waste removal, navigation, trade, and irrigation. Both are ecologically challenged in the 21st century. Both rivers, and the land between them, suffer from the scars of war, both ancient and recent. Their story is part of the emergence and continuing evolution of civilization in the region. Here is some of that story.

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Further Reading:
britishmuseum.withgoogle.com/object/the-first-writ…
www.worldhistory.org/Sumerians/
www.thecollector.com/sargon-of-akkad-akkadian-empi…
www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/akka/hd_akka.htm
www.newadvent.org/cathen/07125a.htm
avalon.law.yale.edu/ancient/hamframe.asp
oll.libertyfund.org/title/hammurabi-babylonian-and…
www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/kass/hd_kass.htm
www.britannica.com/place/Mesopotamia-historical-re…
www.thecollector.com/abbasid-caliphate-achievement…
www.theworldwithmnr.com/post/the-golden-age-of-isl…
arabcenterdc.org/resource/water-politics-in-the-ti….
earthobservatory.nasa.gov/world-of-change/Iraq
water.fanack.com/publications/the-tigris-and-euphr…
therevelator.org/cleaning-tigris-river/