Insulin, which is considered a cause of forgetfulness, also helps create new brain cells. It was previously believed that nerve cells continually decrease after reaching adulthood, but now it's understood that new cells can be generated, a process known as neurogenesis. New nerve cells are produced in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, a process significantly influenced by insulin.
Most substances in the blood cannot cross the blood-brain barrier, but insulin is an exception. This mechanism is being leveraged in the development of treatments for Alzheimer's disease.
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